Imagine a scorching summer afternoon when a water sprinkler truck slowly passes by, its cool mist instantly dispelling the oppressive heat and bringing a moment of refreshing comfort. But how much do you really know about the technical details hidden behind these seemingly simple vehicles? Choosing a water truck involves far more than just considering its capacity.

The water flow rate of a sprinkler truck directly determines its spraying effectiveness. A higher flow rate means more water can be sprayed per unit time, allowing for faster completion of tasks like road cleaning or green space irrigation. But what factors actually determine a water truck's flow rate?

The water pump serves as the heart of a sprinkler truck, with its flow rate directly determining the vehicle's water output. Typically installed at the bottom of the tank, the pump is driven by the vehicle's engine through a power take-off (PTO) system, which pressurizes and sprays water from the tank.

Different capacity trucks usually come equipped with different pump models to meet varying spraying needs. Pump models typically indicate their flow parameters through codes like "65QZ40/50" or "80QZ60/90," representing the inlet/outlet diameter (65mm or 80mm) and flow rate (40 m³/h or 60 m³/h).

Sprinkler trucks usually feature multiple nozzles including front wash, rear spray, side jets, and high-pressure cannons. More nozzles mean more dispersed water flow and correspondingly reduced pressure. Therefore, nozzle selection requires careful consideration of actual operational needs.

The engine's throttle position directly affects the pump's rotation speed and consequently the water pressure. Higher throttle means greater pressure and better spraying distance, but also increases fuel consumption and noise levels.

These compact trucks typically feature 65QZ40/50 self-priming pumps with 40 m³/h flow (666 liters/minute or 11.1 liters/second) and 50m head. Ideal for narrow streets or communities with limited budgets, their smaller tanks require frequent refilling, making them less suitable for prolonged operations.

Larger trucks usually carry 80QZ60/90 pumps with 60 m³/h flow (1000 liters/minute or 16.6 liters/second) and 90m head. Their greater capacity enables longer operation times, but reduced maneuverability and higher costs.

For applications requiring water delivery to elevated structures or hillsides, models with 65QZ50/110 pumps (50 m³/h flow, 110m head) may be selected, though with reduced flow rates.

This common misunderstanding ignores how nozzle diameters (typically smaller than pump ports) and pipe resistance significantly reduce actual output. Only when using external fire hoses does the flow approach pump specifications.

While pump calculations suggest this duration, actual spraying typically lasts 20-30 minutes due to nozzle restrictions. At standard operating speeds (15-40 km/h), a 5-ton truck can cover about 20km per fill.

• Triple-curve front wash: For road surface cleaning
• Rear spray: For dust suppression and cooling
• Duckbill side jets: For uniform green space irrigation
• High-pressure cannon: For long-distance spraying or firefighting

Throttle adjustment allows pressure control - higher for stubborn stains, lower for delicate plants. Selective nozzle activation maintains pressure focus, with municipal trucks often using single front nozzles for cleaning, while landscaping models may operate multiple high-position nozzles simultaneously.

Selecting a water truck requires careful consideration of multiple technical parameters beyond simple capacity. Understanding these factors ensures optimal performance for specific operational needs, contributing effectively to urban maintenance and beautification.